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Mercedes S-Class W-220since 1998 releaseRepair and operation of the car |
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Mercedes W220 - Mercedes-Benz cars of the class S (W220) Identification numbers of the car Acquisition of spare parts Technology of service, tool and equipment of a workplace Poddomkrachivaniye and towage Start of the engine from the auxiliary power supply Checks of readiness of the car for operation Automobile chemicals, oils and lubricants Diagnostics of malfunctions + Operation manual + Routine maintenance + Engine + Cooling system and heating + Power supply system and release + Engine electric equipment + Automatic transmission + Power shafts + Brake system + Suspension bracket and steering + Body + Onboard electric equipment + Schemes of electric equipment whippers cocktails |
Technology of service, tool and equipment of a workplace Sizes/marking of a class of durability of standard (SAE and USS) bolts
Sizes/marking of a class of durability of metric bolts
Marking of a class of durability of bolts (above - standard / SAE/USS, below - metric)
Marking of a class of durability of standard six-sided nuts
Marking of a class of durability of metric six-sided nuts
Marking of a class of durability of metric hairpins
Technology of service There are several techniques of performing procedures of maintenance and car repairs on which the reader will find references in the text of this manual. Following will make by it work of the house mechanic of more effective, will allow to organize in the best way and to qualitatively perform various technical procedures and will be the key to careful and full implementation of all works. Fixture Fixture are called nuts, bolts, hairpins and screws serving for connection among themselves of two or more details. During the work with fixture it is necessary to remember some things constantly. Practically in any fixture this or that type of the kontryashchy and fixing devices is applied. It can be lock washers, lock-nuts, lock tags or the fixing compound for carvings. All used carving fixture has to be absolutely pure and direct, with an undisturbed carving and not rounded corners of six-sided heads which the wrench is put on. It is necessary to take obligatory replacement of the damaged nuts and bolts by new for the rule. Special самоконтрящиеся nuts with nylon or fiber inserts are not subject to reuse as at an otdavaniye lose the kontryashchy properties and at assembly have to be always replaced with new. The rusted bolts and nuts for simplification of unscrewing and in order to avoid damage before an otdavaniye have to be processed by the special getting structure. Many mechanics prefer to use turpentine which is convenient for putting from a special small canister with a long nose for this purpose. After wetting of the "stuck" fixture by the getting structure before starting its otdavaniye, it is necessary to give to structure within several minutes properly to impregnate the oxidized contact layer. Strongly rusted fixture can be cut down by a chisel, is cut by a hacksaw or removed by means of a special gaykolom. When cutting a head of a bolt or oblamyvaniya of a hairpin on assembly, the rest of a carving part can be drilled or taken by means of the special tool. Most auto repair shops can undertake performance by this, also as well as others (for example, restoration of the stripped thread in carving openings), repair procedures. Flat and lock washers at assembly have to be established always into place in the same order and the same way, as earlier. Always replace the damaged washers with new. Between a lock washer and a soft metal surface (for example, aluminum), thin sheet metal or plastic it is always necessary to establish flat washers. Fixture sizes For many reasons manufacturers of cars use metric fixture more and more widely. However, it is important to know a difference between used sometimes standard (called also American, or the SAE standard) and more universal in system of measures metric fixture as, despite external similarity, they are not interchangeable. All bolts, both standard, and metric are classified by diameter, a step of a carving and length. For example, the standard bolt 1/2 - 13 x 1 has an inch floor in the diameter, 13 rounds of a carving on one inch and length of 1 inch. The metric bolt of M12 - 1.75 x 25 has diameter of 12 mm, a step of a carving of 1.75 mm (distance between the next rounds) and length of 25 mm. Both bolts are externally almost identical, however are not interchangeable. In addition to the listed signs both metric, and standard bolts can be identified by survey of a head. For a start, the distance between lyska of a head of a metric bolt is measured in mm whereas at standard - in inches (the same is fair also for nuts). As a result, the standard wrench does not suit for use with metric fixture and vice versa. Besides, on heads of the most part of standard bolts usually there are radial notches defining the maximum admissible effort of tightening of a bolt (durability degree). The more the quantity of notches, the are higher admissible effort (on cars bolts with degree of durability from 0 to 5 are usually applied). The class of durability of metric bolts is defined by a digital code. Figures of a code are usually cast, as well as for standard, on a bolt head (on cars bolts of classes of durability 8.8, 9.8, and 10.9 are usually applied). Also on durability class tags standard nuts can be distinguished from metric. Dot tags, proshtampovyvayemy on one of face surfaces of a nut while marking of metric nuts is made by means of besides figures are applied to identification of durability of standard nuts. The quantity of points are more, or the value of a digital code is higher, the admissible effort of tightening of a nut is higher. End faces of metric hairpins are also marked according to a class of their durability. Large hairpins are marked by a digital code whereas marking in the form of a geometrical figure is applied on smaller. It is necessary to notice that a considerable part of fixture, in particular the class of durability from 0 to 2, is not marked at all. In this case the only way of difference of standard fixture from metric is measurement of a step of a carving, or comparison of a carving with unambiguously identified. Standard fixture is often called also, contrary to metric, SAE standard fixture, however, it is necessary to remember that under classification of SAE only small fixture gets. Large fixture with not metric carving is fixture of the American standard (USS). As fixture of the same geometrical size (both standard, and metric) can have various classes of durability, when replacing on the car of bolts, nuts and hairpins it is necessary to pay attention to compliance of a class of durability of the installed new fixture to a class of durability of old. Procedure and order of tightening of threaded connections Tightening of the most part of threaded connections should be made with the efforts determined by requirements of the Specifications provided in the beginning of each Chapter of this manual (it is necessary to understand the torque enclosed to it when tightening as effort of tightening of fixture). Below the effort of tightening will be called also fixture inhaling moment. Tightening with excessive effort can lead to violation of integrity of fixture whereas the nedotyagivaniye leads it to unreliability of connection interfaced a component. Bolts, screws and hairpins, depending on material of which they are made also diameter of a carving part usually have strictly certain admissible moments of an inhaling, many of which as it was already mentioned above, are given in Specifications at the beginning of each Chapter. Strictly adhere to the provided recommendations about the moments of an inhaling of fixture used on the car. For tightening of fixture which is not mentioned in Specifications it is necessary to use the map of the admissible moments of rotation given below. The values given in the table are focused on fixture of classes of durability 2 and 3 (more high-class fixture allows tightening with big effort), besides, it is meant that tightening dry (with an ungreased carving) fixture in a steel or cast (not aluminum) detail is made. Sizes of metric carvings
Sizes of pipe carvings
Sizes of carvings of the American standard
Fixture located on perimeter of any detail (such as bolts of a head of cylinders, the pallet of a case and various covers), in order to avoid deformation of a detail has to be given and drag on in strictly certain order. The order of tightening and an otdavaniye of such fixture is given in the corresponding Heads of the Management. If the special order is not stipulated, then in order to avoid a curvature of a component it is necessary to adhere to the procedure described below. At the first stage all bolts or nuts have to be tightened by hand. Further, each of them has to be in turn held on on one whole revolution, and transition of odes of one bolt / nut to another has to be carried out in a diagonal order (cross-wise). Further, having returned to the first bolt / nut, it is necessary to repeat the procedure in the same order, tightening fixture for a half-turn. Continue to act in the same manner, tightening each bolt / nut this time already on a quarter of a turn for one approach until all of them are not tightened with the required effort. At fixture otdavaniye it is also necessary to adhere to the described procedure, but working upside-down. Dismantling component Dismantling of all a component has to be carried out in such manner that at assembly each detail could be established on the former place and the correct image. Remember characteristics of appearance, in case of need you make landing marking of details which installation can be into place made ambiguously (the persistent washer equipped with a flute on a shaft belongs to such elements, for example). The arrangement of the removed details on a pure working surface in that order in what their removal was made will be the good idea. Useful will be also a drawing up the elementary schematic sketches or step-by-step photography of the component which is subject to dismantle. At removal of fixture try to make marking of its initial situation on assembly. Often, immediate installation of fixture and washers on the former place after removal of the corresponding detail allows to avoid confusion at assembly. In the absence of such opportunity, all fixture should be put in specially prepared for this purpose broken into sections and respectively the marked box, or just on the separate marked boxes. Such line of action is especially useful during the work with the components consisting of a set of fine details such as generator, valvate mechanism, dashboard or elements of a decorative upholstery of salon. At a detachment of electric contacts and sockets it is necessary to pay attention to marking of wires or plaits by means of an insulating tape with the digital or alphabetic code applied on it. Pro-masonry surfaces On all cars of laying are applied to sealing of the place of a joint of the interfaced surfaces of two or more details and serve for prevention of leak of oils and liquids and maintenance in assembly of elevated pressure or depression. Often such laying before installation becomes covered by a liquid or pastelike sealing compound. Often under the influence of time, temperatures or pressure there is so strong "prikipaniye" to each other of the interfaced surfaces that division of details becomes an exigeant task. With many cases dismantle of such assemblies is helped by their obstukivaniye outside on perimeter of the place of a joint the hammer with soft brisk. It is possible to use for this purpose as well the ordinary hammer, striking blows through a wooden or plastic pro-rate. It is not necessary to make an obstukivaniye of cast cases and fragile a component. At emergence of such difficulties always first of all check whether all fixture is removed. Avoid application for division of details the screw-driver or mount, entering them between the interfaced surfaces as sealing surfaces at the same time can be easily damaged that can be further the cause of leaks. If the podrychazhivaniye of the "stuck" elements of assembly cannot be avoided, use for this purpose the handle from old wit, but you remember at the same time that after all formed chips have to be carefully removed from the interfaced surfaces and from within assembly. After division of details their interfaced surfaces have to be smoothed carefully out with scraping of traces of material of old laying. The hardened fragments of old laying can be previously softened by means of rust solvent or the special chemical composition then are removed from the interfaced surface with a scraper. As a scraper in this case the piece of a copper tube with the flattened-out and pointed end can be used. Use for this purpose of copper tube is recommended as copper is usually softer than the materials applied in the car that reduces risk of damage of the interfaced surface. Some laying easily can be removed by means of a copper brush, however, is not dependent on the applied method, the interfaced surfaces have to become absolutely pure and smooth. If for any reason the interfaced surface was scratched, before assembly a component fill scratch with pro-masonry sealant. In most cases it is necessary to use not stiffening (or semi-stiffening) sealant. Councils for removal of hoses
Measures of precautions which should be observed at removal of hoses are very close to those at removal of laying. Avoid damage of surfaces of unions and branch pipes on which hoses as it can be the cause of leaks put on. In a special measure it belongs to the procedure of removal of hoses of a radiator. Owing to various chemical reactions occurs "prikipany" rubbers of hoses to the interfaced surfaces of unions and branch pipes. For removal of a hose first of all weaken a collar of fastening it on the union. Then nippers with the sliding hinge grasp a hose near a collar and begin to rotate it on the union / a connecting branch pipe to the right-to the left. Continue this procedure before liberation of a hose, then remove a hose from the union. A small amount of silicone or other lubricant will facilitate the procedure if it can be entered into a gap between the union and a hose. For simplification of the procedure of installation of a hose grease an internal surface of a hose and the external surface of the union. As the last resort, or in case of unambiguous need of replacement of a hose by the new, put-on the union end of a hose for removal can be knifed and then is separated from the surface of the union. At the same time try not to damage a knife union metal / a connecting branch pipe. In case of damage of a collar of fastening of a hose replace it with new. Collars of the twisted type usually weaken eventually therefore, regardless of their state, as required it is better to replace them with collars of screw type. Tool The choice of the good tool is one of the main requirements for everyone who plans independent performing procedures of maintenance or car repairs. At first sight the expenses connected with acquisition of the required set of tools can seem too big, however at their comparison with the expenses interfaced to performing procedures of routine maintenance and the elementary car repairs at car repair shop will be quite reasonable. To help the average motorist with the choice of the tool necessary at holding various procedures for care of the car described in this manual the lists of three tool kits which are conditionally entitled as are given below: tool kit for routine maintenance and the minimum repair; tool kit for the general and capital repairs and the special tool. The owners of cars who do not have practical experience of carrying out mechanical works have to begin with performing procedures, the tools limited to application from the first list, improving at the same time the skills and gradually expanding the range of the used tool. In process of acquisition of experience it is possible to pass to performance of more complex challenges, supplementing the held tool kit. After a while the received skills will allow to start performance of more complex works demanding use of the tool from the second list (for the general and capital repairs of the car). When your qualification begins to allow to save considerable means on independent performance of difficult repair procedures, it is possible to think of acquisition of the special tool. Tool kit on routine maintenance and the minimum car repairs The list given below includes a minimum necessary for performing procedures of routine maintenance and insignificant car repairs of tools. Acquisition of a set of the combined wrenches is recommended (from ordinary Rozhkova a head on one end and from cap on another). Despite the big cost of such set in comparison with the cost of set of ordinary Rozhkov of keys, expense will be justified since these keys have advantages of both types. Set of the combined keys (1/4 - 1 inch; 6 - 19 mm)
Tool kit for the general and capital repairs of the car
This tool is necessary when carrying out any operations on repair of the engine of the car and is offered in addition to the first list. This list includes a complete set of replaceable face heads. At the considerable cost, a set of replaceable heads brings invaluable benefit, thanks to the universality and convenience in the address, - in particular in combination with the drives which are included in the package of various type. It is recommended to use preferably drives with a section of 1/2 inches (but not 3/8 inches) since they, though are more expensive, can be used practically with any type of dynamometer keys (ideally, the good mechanic has to have both types of drives at the order). Cheaper alternative to a set of replaceable face heads is a set of tubular keys. Set of replaceable face heads (including heads like "Torx") (or tubular keys), the sizes corresponding to the sizes of wrenches from the previous list
Special tool Acquisition of the tool The beginner mechanic in respect of acquisition of the necessary tool for performing procedures of routine maintenance and car repairs can be offered several practical advice. By preparation for holding procedures of routine maintenance or the minimum car repairs it is reasonable to buy the tool separately. On the other hand, in case of planning of broad works, it is simpler and more reliable to buy a set of the modern tool in shop of retail network. Acquisition of a set usually costs a little cheaper individual purchases and is often supplemented with the enclosed toolbox. Further, for choice expansion, separate tools, additional sets and a toolbox of the bigger size can be bought in addition. Gradual expansion of a set of tools will allow to stretch expenses and to be defined in the choice of really necessary tools. |
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